Sleep deprivation and its metabolic consequences
Food Today The culture of the "24 hours a day, 7 days a week" of Western society, which are becoming more waking hours due to professional or social pressure, has consequences for the quality of sleep and according to some scientific studies, perhaps also the risk of obesity and diabetes.
What role has the dream?
Sleep is essential to life and is the basis of numerous physiological and psychological functions such as tissue repair, growth, memory consolidation and learning. Although not all adults need the same number of hours of sleep, experts believe that sleeping less than 7 hours per night on a continuous basis can have negative consequences for the body and brain.
Sleep and metabolism
In examining the relationship between sleep and metabolism, it is difficult to determine whether certain metabolic circumstances leading to sleep, or if the quality and length of what drives your metabolism. For example, longer periods of deep sleep are observed in physically active people and those with an overactive thyroid gland; both cases are associated with faster metabolisms. By contrast, people with an underactive thyroid gland and, therefore, a slower metabolism, often enjoy fewer hours of sleep.
Conversely, sleep deprivation is associated with various adverse changes in metabolic activity: increased levels of cortisol (a hormone involved in the stress response) levels, the immune response is affected, decreasing the body's ability to process glucose controlling appetite and altered. Such changes can be observed in people whose sleep pattern is upset because, for example, caring for a baby or a disease. The end result is that the normal functioning of the body is disrupted by lack of sleep, and this affects certain metabolic consequences.
Does it affect sleep deprivation on health?
Epidemiological studies and laboratory tests indicate that lack of sleep may play a role in the increased prevalence of diabetes and obesity. The relationship between sleep restriction, weight gain and diabetes risk could result from alterations in glucose metabolism, increased appetite and decreased energy expenditure .1
Sleep and glucose metabolism
Reduced sleep periods are associated with lower glucose tolerance and increased cortisol concentration in blood. The glucose tolerance is a term that describes how the body controls the availability of glucose in the blood to tissues and brain. During periods of fasting, high levels of glucose and insulin levels indicates that the administration of glucose by the body is inadequate. There is evidence that low glucose tolerance is a risk factor for diabetes type 2 Studies suggest that sleep restriction long term (less than 6.5 hours a night) can reduce the tolerance 40% glucose.
Increased appetite
In a study conducted in large populations has been observed a relationship between habitual short sleep duration and increased body mass index (BMI). Reduced sleep duration was associated with changes in the hormones that control hunger; For example, leptin levels (reducing appetite) were low, whereas ghrelin levels (appetite stimulant) were high. The effects were observed when sleep duration was less than 8 hours .1,3 This finding suggests that sleep deprivation is a risk factor for obesity. In a controlled study in a male, healthy population, it was found that an average of 4 hours of sleep was associated with a significantly greater desire to calorie foods with high carbohydrate content (sweet, salty and high starch foods). Subjects also reported being hungrier .2
It should also be borne in mind that the fewer hours you sleep, the more time there is to eat and drink. Studies show that this is a factor contributing to the obesogenic aspects of reducing the number of hours of sleep.
Less energy
At the other end of the energy equation, people with lack of sleep are less likely to be physically active, resulting in less energy expenditure.
If joins reducing activity increased appetite and desire to eat, the important role that sleep may play in weight management becomes apparent.
The vicious cycle of sleep disorders and obesity
Sleep apnea is a disorder that affects approximately 24% of men and 9% of women. It is characterized by the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep, which results in a poorer quality of sleep and daytime fatigue. There is a close relationship between this problem and obesity. Several studies have found that people with sleep apnea have abnormal sleep patterns that can accentuate the metabolic disorders associated with sleep deprivation, for example, increased hunger. That is, that sleep apnea caused by obesity could in turn influence appetite and energy expenditure, promoting obesity. Further research is needed to better understand these relationships.
conclusion
The lack of good quality sleep seems to have an impact on the physiological drivers of energy balance: appetite, hunger and energy expenditure. Furthermore, sleep deprivation has a negative effect on the body's ability to manage glucose and may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes further research is needed to understand how changes could be used in the sleep pattern to create environments favorable that would help manage body weight and reduce the risk of weight-related diseases.
references
K. L. Knutson et al. (2007). The metabolic Consequences of sleep deprivation. Sleep Medicine Reviews 11 (3): 159-62
K. Spiegel et al. (2005). Sleep loss: a novel risk factor for insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Journal of Applied Physiology 99: 2008-19
E. Van Cauter et al. (2007). Impact of sleep and sleep loss on neuroendocrine and metabolic function. Hormone Research 67: 2-9
Sleep deprivation and its metabolic consequences
Food Today The culture of the "24 hours a day, 7 days a week" of Western society, which are becoming more waking hours due to professional or social pressure, has consequences for the quality of sleep and according to some scientific studies, perhaps also the risk of obesity and diabetes.
What role has the dream?
Sleep is essential to life and is the basis of numerous physiological and psychological functions such as tissue repair, growth, memory consolidation and learning. Although not all adults need the same number of hours of sleep, experts believe that sleeping less than 7 hours per night on a continuous basis can have negative consequences for the body and brain.
Sleep and metabolism
In examining the relationship between sleep and metabolism, it is difficult to determine whether certain metabolic circumstances leading to sleep, or if the quality and length of what drives your metabolism. For example, longer periods of deep sleep are observed in physically active people and those with an overactive thyroid gland; both cases are associated with faster metabolisms. By contrast, people with an underactive thyroid gland and, therefore, a slower metabolism, often enjoy fewer hours of sleep.
Does it affect sleep deprivation on health?
Epidemiological studies and laboratory tests indicate that lack of sleep may play a role in the increased prevalence of diabetes and obesity. The relationship between sleep restriction, weight gain and diabetes risk could result from alterations in glucose metabolism, increased appetite and decreased energy expenditure .1
Sleep and glucose metabolism
Reduced sleep periods are associated with lower glucose tolerance and increased cortisol concentration in blood. The glucose tolerance is a term that describes how the body controls the availability of glucose in the blood to tissues and brain. During periods of fasting, high levels of glucose and insulin levels indicates that the administration of glucose by the body is inadequate. There is evidence that low glucose tolerance is a risk factor for diabetes type 2 Studies suggest that sleep restriction long term (less than 6.5 hours a night) can reduce the tolerance 40% glucose.
Increased appetite
In a study conducted in large populations has been observed a relationship between habitual short sleep duration and increased body mass index (BMI). Reduced sleep duration was associated with changes in the hormones that control hunger; For example, leptin levels (reducing appetite) were low, whereas ghrelin levels (appetite stimulant) were high. The effects were observed when sleep duration was less than 8 hours .1,3 This finding suggests that sleep deprivation is a risk factor for obesity. In a controlled study in a male, healthy population, it was found that an average of 4 hours of sleep was associated with a significantly greater desire to calorie foods with high carbohydrate content (sweet, salty and high starch foods). Subjects also reported being hungrier .2
It should also be borne in mind that the fewer hours you sleep, the more time there is to eat and drink. Studies show that this is a factor contributing to the obesogenic aspects of reducing the number of hours of sleep.
Less energy
At the other end of the energy equation, people with lack of sleep are less likely to be physically active, resulting in less energy expenditure.
If joins reducing activity increased appetite and desire to eat, the important role that sleep may play in weight management becomes apparent.
The vicious cycle of sleep disorders and obesity
Sleep apnea is a disorder that affects approximately 24% of men and 9% of women. It is characterized by the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep, which results in a poorer quality of sleep and daytime fatigue. There is a close relationship between this problem and obesity. Several studies have found that people with sleep apnea have abnormal sleep patterns that can accentuate the metabolic disorders associated with sleep deprivation, for example, increased hunger. That is, that sleep apnea caused by obesity could in turn influence appetite and energy expenditure, promoting obesity. Further research is needed to better understand these relationships.
conclusion
The lack of good quality sleep seems to have an impact on the physiological drivers of energy balance: appetite, hunger and energy expenditure. Furthermore, sleep deprivation has a negative effect on the body's ability to manage glucose and may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes further research is needed to understand how changes could be used in the sleep pattern to create environments favorable that would help manage body weight and reduce the risk of weight-related diseases.
references
K. L. Knutson et al. (2007). The metabolic Consequences of sleep deprivation. Sleep Medicine Reviews 11 (3): 159-62
K. Spiegel et al. (2005). Sleep loss: a novel risk factor for insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Journal of Applied Physiology 99: 2008-19
E. Van Cauter et al. (2007). Impact of sleep and sleep loss on neuroendocrine and metabolic function. Hormone Research 67: 2-9
Sleep deprivation and its metabolic consequences
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